markezz
Member
- Registriert
- 19. Apr. 2006
- Beiträge
- 363
Einführung
Substantive können in zwei Klassen eingeteilt werden: Bewegliche und Unbewegliche. Sie hängen darüberhinaus auch von Anzahl, Funktion und Bestimmung ab.
beweglich:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Frau[col:1a8f564742]gæ:ni[col:1a8f564742]gaae ni[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]gaae.ni[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Hund[col:1a8f564742]balla:[col:1a8f564742]ba l laa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ba.l.laa[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
unbeweglich:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Baum[col:1a8f564742]gaha[col:1a8f564742]ga ha[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
In Sinhala existiert kein grammatikalisches Geschlecht (der, die und das).
Die Anzahl
Je nach Anzahl ist das Substantiv entweder Singular (Einzahl) oder Plural (Mehrzahl). Ein Substantiv im Singular ist generell als Bestimmt angezeigt.
Singular:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Plural:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]die Männer[col:1a8f564742]minissu[col:1a8f564742]mi ni s su[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blumen[col:1a8f564742]mal[col:1a8f564742]ma l[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.l[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Häuser[col:1a8f564742]geval[col:1a8f564742]ge va l[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.va.l[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Die Form
Die Form ist entweder Bestimmt oder Unbestimmt. Diese Unterscheidung existiert nur im Singular. Die unbestimmte Form ist durch die Endung "-k" gekennzeichnet.
Bestimmt:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Unbestimmt:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]ein Mann[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]eine Blume[col:1a8f564742]malak[col:1a8f564742]ma la k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]ein Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyak[col:1a8f564742]ge ya k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Die Fälle
Die Deklinierung der Substantive umfasst 6 Fälle. Den Nominativ, den Akkusativ, den Instrumentativ (Nutzung), den Dativ, den Genitiv und den Vokativ (Bestimmung).
Bewegliche Substantive deklinieren sich in 6 Fällen, wohingegen sich unbewegliche Substantive nur in 4 Fällen deklinieren: Nominativ, Dativ, Genitiv und Instrumentativ.
(a) Nominativ: Ein bestimmtes Substantiv ist generell im Nominativ Singular.
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]gedərə[col:1a8f564742]ge da ra[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.da.ra[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(b) Dativ: angezeigt durch die Endung "-Tə"
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]zu dem Mann[col:1a8f564742]minihaTə[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ha tta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ha.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]zu Hause[col:1a8f564742]gedərəTə[col:1a8f564742]ge da ra tta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.da.ra.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Er geht ins Dorf.[col:1a8f564742]ohu gaməTə yanəva:.[col:1a8f564742]o hu ga ma tta ya na vaa.[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]o.hu ga.ma.tta ya.na.vaa.[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(c) Genitiv: Angezeigt durch unterschiedliche Endungen, aber überwiegend durch "-ge:"
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]des Mannes[col:1a8f564742]minihage:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ha gee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ha.gee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]des Kindes[col:1a8f564742]laməya:ge:[col:1a8f564742]la ma yaa gee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]la.ma.yaa.gee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]der Blume[col:1a8f564742]male:[col:1a8f564742]ma lee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.lee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]des Landes[col:1a8f564742]raTe:[col:1a8f564742]ra ttee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ra.ttee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Buch des Kindes[col:1a8f564742]laməya:ge: potə[col:1a8f564742]la ma yaa gee po ta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]la.ma.yaa.gee po.ta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]der Duft der Blume[col:1a8f564742]male: suvəndə[col:1a8f564742]ma lee su va nda[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.lee su.va.nda[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Menschen des Landes[col:1a8f564742]raTe: minissu[col:1a8f564742]ra ttee mi ni s su[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ra.ttee mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(d) Instrumentativ: Die üblichste Endung für unbewegliche Substantive ist "-en" ([sinhala=14:1a8f564742]e.nnn, e.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]). Beweglichen Substantiven wird die Postposition "visin" anghängt.
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]mit dem Auto[col:1a8f564742]ka:r eken[col:1a8f564742]kaa r e ke n[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]kaa.r e.ke.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]mit dem Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha: visin[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa vi si n[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]eine Tour mit dem Auto[col:1a8f564742]ka:r eken gamanak[col:1a8f564742]kaa r e ke n ga ma na k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]kaa.r e.ke.n ga.ma.na.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(e) Vokativ: Nur die beweglichen Substantive lassen sich im Vokativ deklinieren.
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Oh! Jungen.[col:1a8f564742]kollo[col:1a8f564742]ko l lo[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ko.l.lo[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Oh! Hunde.[col:1a8f564742]ballo[col:1a8f564742]ba l lo[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ba.l.lo[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Deklinierung eines beweglichen Subtantives
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742][mcol:1a8f564742]bestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]unbestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]plural
[row:1a8f564742]Nominativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]minissu
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col:1a8f564742]mi ni s su
[row:1a8f564742]Akkusativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa, mi.ni.haa.va[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:, miniha:və[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]minisun
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa, mi ni haa va[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n
[row:1a8f564742]Dativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:Tə[col:1a8f564742]minihekuTə[col:1a8f564742]minisunTə
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa tta[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku tta[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n tta
[row:1a8f564742]Genitiv[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:ge[col:1a8f564742]minihekuge[col:1a8f564742]minisunge
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa ge[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku ge[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n ge
[row:1a8f564742]Instrumentativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha: visin[col:1a8f564742]miniheku visin[col:1a8f564742]minisun visin
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa vi si n[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku vi si n[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n vi si n
[row:1a8f564742]Vokativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ho![/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ho![/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.nee![/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniho![col:1a8f564742]miniho![col:1a8f564742]minisune:!
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ho![col:1a8f564742]mi ni ho![col:1a8f564742]mi ni su nee![/table:1a8f564742]
Deklinierung eines unbeweglichen Subtantives
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742][mcol:1a8f564742]bestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]unbestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]plural
[row:1a8f564742]Nominativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gaha[col:1a8f564742]gahak[col:1a8f564742]gas
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga ha[col:1a8f564742]ga ha k[col:1a8f564742]ga s
[row:1a8f564742]Genitiv[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.hee[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ka[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahe:[col:1a8f564742]gahakə[col:1a8f564742]gasvələ
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga hee[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ka[col:1a8f564742]ga s va la
[row:1a8f564742]Dativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ka.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.la.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahaTə[col:1a8f564742]gahakəTə[col:1a8f564742]gasvələTə
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga ha tta[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ka tta[col:1a8f564742]ga s va la tta
[row:1a8f564742]Instrumentativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.he.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ki.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.li.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahen[col:1a8f564742]gahakin[col:1a8f564742]gasvəlin
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga he n[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ki n[col:1a8f564742]ga s va li n[/table:1a8f564742]
Substantive können in zwei Klassen eingeteilt werden: Bewegliche und Unbewegliche. Sie hängen darüberhinaus auch von Anzahl, Funktion und Bestimmung ab.
beweglich:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Frau[col:1a8f564742]gæ:ni[col:1a8f564742]gaae ni[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]gaae.ni[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Hund[col:1a8f564742]balla:[col:1a8f564742]ba l laa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ba.l.laa[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
unbeweglich:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Baum[col:1a8f564742]gaha[col:1a8f564742]ga ha[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
In Sinhala existiert kein grammatikalisches Geschlecht (der, die und das).
Die Anzahl
Je nach Anzahl ist das Substantiv entweder Singular (Einzahl) oder Plural (Mehrzahl). Ein Substantiv im Singular ist generell als Bestimmt angezeigt.
Singular:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Plural:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]die Männer[col:1a8f564742]minissu[col:1a8f564742]mi ni s su[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blumen[col:1a8f564742]mal[col:1a8f564742]ma l[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.l[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Häuser[col:1a8f564742]geval[col:1a8f564742]ge va l[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.va.l[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Die Form
Die Form ist entweder Bestimmt oder Unbestimmt. Diese Unterscheidung existiert nur im Singular. Die unbestimmte Form ist durch die Endung "-k" gekennzeichnet.
Bestimmt:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Blume[col:1a8f564742]malə[col:1a8f564742]ma la[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyə[col:1a8f564742]ge ya[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Unbestimmt:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]ein Mann[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]eine Blume[col:1a8f564742]malak[col:1a8f564742]ma la k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.la.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]ein Haus[col:1a8f564742]geyak[col:1a8f564742]ge ya k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.ya.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Die Fälle
Die Deklinierung der Substantive umfasst 6 Fälle. Den Nominativ, den Akkusativ, den Instrumentativ (Nutzung), den Dativ, den Genitiv und den Vokativ (Bestimmung).
Bewegliche Substantive deklinieren sich in 6 Fällen, wohingegen sich unbewegliche Substantive nur in 4 Fällen deklinieren: Nominativ, Dativ, Genitiv und Instrumentativ.
(a) Nominativ: Ein bestimmtes Substantiv ist generell im Nominativ Singular.
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]der Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Haus[col:1a8f564742]gedərə[col:1a8f564742]ge da ra[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.da.ra[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(b) Dativ: angezeigt durch die Endung "-Tə"
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]zu dem Mann[col:1a8f564742]minihaTə[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ha tta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ha.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]zu Hause[col:1a8f564742]gedərəTə[col:1a8f564742]ge da ra tta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ge.da.ra.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Er geht ins Dorf.[col:1a8f564742]ohu gaməTə yanəva:.[col:1a8f564742]o hu ga ma tta ya na vaa.[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]o.hu ga.ma.tta ya.na.vaa.[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(c) Genitiv: Angezeigt durch unterschiedliche Endungen, aber überwiegend durch "-ge:"
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]des Mannes[col:1a8f564742]minihage:[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ha gee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ha.gee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]des Kindes[col:1a8f564742]laməya:ge:[col:1a8f564742]la ma yaa gee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]la.ma.yaa.gee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]der Blume[col:1a8f564742]male:[col:1a8f564742]ma lee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.lee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]des Landes[col:1a8f564742]raTe:[col:1a8f564742]ra ttee[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ra.ttee[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]das Buch des Kindes[col:1a8f564742]laməya:ge: potə[col:1a8f564742]la ma yaa gee po ta[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]la.ma.yaa.gee po.ta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]der Duft der Blume[col:1a8f564742]male: suvəndə[col:1a8f564742]ma lee su va nda[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ma.lee su.va.nda[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]die Menschen des Landes[col:1a8f564742]raTe: minissu[col:1a8f564742]ra ttee mi ni s su[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ra.ttee mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(d) Instrumentativ: Die üblichste Endung für unbewegliche Substantive ist "-en" ([sinhala=14:1a8f564742]e.nnn, e.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]). Beweglichen Substantiven wird die Postposition "visin" anghängt.
zum Beispiel:
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]mit dem Auto[col:1a8f564742]ka:r eken[col:1a8f564742]kaa r e ke n[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]kaa.r e.ke.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]mit dem Mann[col:1a8f564742]miniha: visin[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa vi si n[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]eine Tour mit dem Auto[col:1a8f564742]ka:r eken gamanak[col:1a8f564742]kaa r e ke n ga ma na k[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]kaa.r e.ke.n ga.ma.na.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
(e) Vokativ: Nur die beweglichen Substantive lassen sich im Vokativ deklinieren.
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742]Deutsch[mcol:1a8f564742]Ausprache[mcol:1a8f564742]Transkript[mcol:1a8f564742]Sinhala
[row:1a8f564742]Oh! Jungen.[col:1a8f564742]kollo[col:1a8f564742]ko l lo[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ko.l.lo[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Oh! Hunde.[col:1a8f564742]ballo[col:1a8f564742]ba l lo[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ba.l.lo[/sinhala:1a8f564742][/table:1a8f564742]
Deklinierung eines beweglichen Subtantives
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742][mcol:1a8f564742]bestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]unbestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]plural
[row:1a8f564742]Nominativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.s.su[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]minissu
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col:1a8f564742]mi ni s su
[row:1a8f564742]Akkusativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa, mi.ni.haa.va[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:, miniha:və[col:1a8f564742]minihek[col:1a8f564742]minisun
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa, mi ni haa va[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he k[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n
[row:1a8f564742]Dativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:Tə[col:1a8f564742]minihekuTə[col:1a8f564742]minisunTə
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa tta[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku tta[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n tta
[row:1a8f564742]Genitiv[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n.ge[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha:ge[col:1a8f564742]minihekuge[col:1a8f564742]minisunge
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa ge[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku ge[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n ge
[row:1a8f564742]Instrumentativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.haa vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.he.ku vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.n vi.si.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniha: visin[col:1a8f564742]miniheku visin[col:1a8f564742]minisun visin
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni haa vi si n[col:1a8f564742]mi ni he ku vi si n[col:1a8f564742]mi ni su n vi si n
[row:1a8f564742]Vokativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ho![/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.ho![/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]mi.ni.su.nee![/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]miniho![col:1a8f564742]miniho![col:1a8f564742]minisune:!
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]mi ni ho![col:1a8f564742]mi ni ho![col:1a8f564742]mi ni su nee![/table:1a8f564742]
Deklinierung eines unbeweglichen Subtantives
[table:1a8f564742][mrow:1a8f564742][mcol:1a8f564742]bestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]unbestimmt[mcol:1a8f564742]plural
[row:1a8f564742]Nominativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.k[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gaha[col:1a8f564742]gahak[col:1a8f564742]gas
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga ha[col:1a8f564742]ga ha k[col:1a8f564742]ga s
[row:1a8f564742]Genitiv[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.hee[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ka[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.la[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahe:[col:1a8f564742]gahakə[col:1a8f564742]gasvələ
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga hee[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ka[col:1a8f564742]ga s va la
[row:1a8f564742]Dativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ka.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.la.tta[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahaTə[col:1a8f564742]gahakəTə[col:1a8f564742]gasvələTə
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga ha tta[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ka tta[col:1a8f564742]ga s va la tta
[row:1a8f564742]Instrumentativ[col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.he.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.ha.ki.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742][col color=#CFCFCF:1a8f564742][sinhala=24:1a8f564742]ga.s.va.li.n[/sinhala:1a8f564742]
[row:1a8f564742]Aussprache[col:1a8f564742]gahen[col:1a8f564742]gahakin[col:1a8f564742]gasvəlin
[row:1a8f564742]Transkript[col:1a8f564742]ga he n[col:1a8f564742]ga ha ki n[col:1a8f564742]ga s va li n[/table:1a8f564742]